Operating System In computer science we often hear the word operating system (OS). The operating system is a software that served to make the control and management as well as the basic hardware of the system, which is to run software applications.
The outline of the operating system software located on the first layer in the computer memory when the computer starts up. While other software is run after the operating system running. So practically the operating system is the liaison between the software.
Operating systems generally consist of several parts:
• boot mechanism, which serves to put the kernel into memory
• Kernel, the core of an operating system
• Command interpreter or shell, serves as reader input from users
• Library-library, which is functioning as a provider
Examples of operating systems
In Indonesia, the operating system used on the pc, laptops and other divided into 3 major groups namely:
• The first is a group of microsoft is the most widely used in Indonesia, even in the world. Among others, consists of some of his time OS that famous eg Windows Desktop Environment (version 1.x to version 3.x), Windows 9x (Windows 95, 98, and Windows ME), and Windows NT (Windows NT 3.x, Windows NT 4.0, Windows 2000, Windows XP, Windows Server 2003, Windows Vista, Windows 7 (Seven), which was released in 2009, and Windows Orient that will be released in 2014)
• The second was a group of linux. Linux is an example of open source software but the quality is no less than any other paid software. Linux is in great demand because of the Linux hackers are not familiar with his Win32 executables files, making it more likely the virus was 0%. More stable than any other OS. All applications for free or open source. And make us learn to use the terminal. From the last reason it is not wrong to choose linux hackers. Actually linux unix OS belonged, but in Indonesia OS unix not so famous, famous here is linux. Another example of the Unix OS is SCO UNIX, family BSD (Berkeley Software Distribution), GNU / Linux, MacOS / X (BSD-based kernel is modified, and known by the name of Darwin) and GNU / Hurd.
• The third is the Mac OS. Mac OS is an operating system apple output is usually called Macintosh.
How to super computers? Super computer was a lot of operating systems make use of different, usually they use the operating system that is a derivative of Unix developed by IBM AIX or HP / UX.
How it Works operating system
In modern operating systems, at one time not all programs loaded in memory, but only one part of the program. While other parts of the program remains rest in disk storage media. Only in times of need only, part of the program is loaded in memory and executed by the processor. This is to save memory consumption.
Some systems run only one single process at a time, while others run multi-process at a time. Though most of the computer system has only one processor, and a processor can only execute one instruction at a time. So how a single processor system to run multi-process? Surely, in a very small granularity, the processor only runs one process at a time, then quickly he moved to run other processes, and so on. So for users of human vision and feeling, as if the processor run multiple processes simultaneously.
Each process in an operating system to get a PCB (Process Control Block) which includes information about the process, namely: an identification process (Process ID) a unique identity and become the number, status of the process, the process execution priority and location information in the memory process . Priority process is a value or quantity that indicates how often the process must be executed by the processor. The process that has a higher priority, will be run more often or more were executed earlier than the lower-priority process. An operating system can only determine all processes with the same priority, so that each process has the same opportunity. An operating system can also change the priority value of a particular process, so that the process will be able to have a greater chance at the next execution (for example: the process that was already too long to wait for execution, the operating system to increase the value priorities).